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Psychophysical parallelism
Psychophysical parallelism, in philosophy, is the theory that mental and bodily experiences occur in tandem with each other, but without any type of causal interaction; it denies the interaction between the body and the mind.〔http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11474a.htm〕 In other words, the mind and body are two independent phenomena but cannot be separated from one another – like two sides of a coin. The theory is the third possible alternative in considering the relation between mind and body, the others being interaction and one-sided action, for example, materialism.
==Occasionalism==
Malebranche agreed that the mind and body were separated but did not agree with Descartes’s explanation of how the two interacted. For Malebranche, God interceded if there was a need for the mind and body to interact. For example, if the body is injured, God is aware of the injury and makes the body feel pain.〔Hergenhahn, B. R. ''An Introduction to the History of Psychology''. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. p. 185.〕 Likewise, if a person wants to move their hand, i.e. to grasp an object with their fingers, that want is made aware to God and then God makes the person’s hand move. In reality, the mind and body are not actually in contact with each other, it just seems that way because God is intervening. Occasionalism can be viewed as parallelism with divine intervention so to speak, because if God did not mediate between the mind and body, there would be no interaction between the two.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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